Fabio Tosolin (AARBA)
Abstract
L’Europa e l’Italia soffrono la peggiore condizione strutturale dal dopoguerra. Nonostante lo sviluppo tecnologico abbia fortemente aumentato le capacità produttive e di sicurezza in quasi ogni attività umana, il concomitante sviluppo di norme istituzionali e prassi manageriali prive di fondamento razionale ha fortemente limitato i progressi che le nuove conoscenze tecniche e scientifiche avrebbero consentito.
Quasi ogni impresa sperimenta difficoltà esterne legate al contesto socio-economico recessivo e difficoltà interne determinate da comportamenti disfunzionali o insufficienti sotto il profilo produttivo e di sicurezza. La globalizzazione ha infatti ridotto le differenze legate alla disponibilità di materiali, tecnologie e know-how che determinavano la supremazia produttiva dell’occidente rispetto al resto del mondo, mettendo di conseguenza in risalto le differenze di performance imputabili ai soli comportamenti organizzativi.
Terry McSween (Quality Safety Edge)
Abstract
OSHA and others report than recordable injury rates are poor predictors of fatalities and other serious injuries. Most of these sources recommend the use of the hierarchy of controls in response to detailed analyses of incidents that have the potential for serious injury. The behavioral causes of a large number of fatalities remain in the areas long identified by safety professionals as the “safety absolutes” which include procedures such as lockout/tag-out, vessel entry, permit to work, etc. Dr. McSween will discuss a behavioral approach that helps management focus on the hazards that are most likely to cause fatalities or serious, life altering injuries. He will also discuss some of the differences in the application in construction projects versus manufacturing versus process plants. Leadership must take responsibility to ensure that hazardous work with the potential for serious injury or fatalities is identified and that adequate controls are put into place. Leadership must understand the importance of reinforcement in creating a positive workplace in which employees are not afraid to have honest discussions about safety.
Bruce Faulkner (3 Simple Rules)
Abstract
The presenter will talk about business results that have be achieved using behavioral science. He will share examples of the impact these techniques have had on production, safety and quality. He will also show results across multiple levels of an organization including team, functional, divisional and company. He will talk about the role of leadership plays in producing these results. Woven into this talk will be an explanation of how using behavioral science to understand the environment is the path to delivering results.
Plenary Session – October 14, 2015
Alessandro Valdina (AARBA)
Abstract
La nostra giurisprudenza ribadisce in diverse sentenze che solo una formazione efficace – e non formalmente ineccepibile – assolve agli obblighi di legge in materia di sicurezza sul lavoro. Inoltre, per esprimere i suoi giudizi, il magistrato deve riferirsi al sapere scientifico che “tende a prevalere” sulla norma quando questa – come spesso accade – rimane indietro rispetto alle scoperte tecnologiche. Ha insistito e argomentato a lungo su questi due punti il procuratore della Repubblica Raffaele Guariniello nel suo intervento durante il 9° Congresso Europeo di Analisi del Comportamento Applicata alle Organizzazioni (OBM) e alla Sicurezza (BBS), organizzato da AARBA in collaborazione con Fondazione Aldini Valeriani e Unindustria Bologna.
Keywords: IT platforms, Transportation, security, safety.
Michael McCarthy (Sustain Your Gains Consulting)
Abstract
When companies seek to make sure their workers follow a fixed standard method of doing the work (also known as Standard Work), they often use ineffective methods ranging from excessive training to punitive criticism. The goal is to reduce the variation in Worker Process Behaviors that result in defects, service failures, customer complaints, loss of customers and loss of sales revenue. Reducing variation is a major goal of the popular Six Sigma methodology, but Six Sigma says very little about Worker Behaviors, other than training. Students of Applied Behavior Analysis know that Training is only an Antecedent, and just the beginning of the ABC process for building behavior up to a high and steady rate with little variation.
This session outlines how the Scientific Methods of Applied Behavior Analysis are more effective in reducing the variability of Worker Process Behaviors, without excessive training classes and without the undesirable side effects produced by punishment and negative reinforcement.
Ron Van Houten (Western Michigan University)
Abstract
Two key goals in managing behavior are producing a change in behavior and maintaining behavior change. The science of behavior applies scientific principles to accomplish these goals. The key element in changing behavior is to collect reliable data on the target behavior. Once behavior is measured these data can be used to set goals, provide feedback, and establish reinforcing contingencies to maintain behavior. However the starting point of any behavior change program is to get the behavior to occur in the first place. The most direct way to accomplish this objective is providing timely prompts or reminders just before the behavior should occur. These prompts set the person up for success and make it easier to kick-start the behavior change process. New technology such as tablets and smart phones can be programmed to arrange prompts including video models in a timely manner. Feedback and natural contingencies can easily be built into a tablet or smart phone application to sustain the behavior change. The program needs to remain data based to ensure it is part of a continuous improvement process.
Keywords: Organizational Behavior Management, Prompting Behavior, Stimulus Control, Smart Phones and Tablets as Part of Behavior Management System
SYMPOSIUM 1. OBM and BBS case studies – October 13, 2015
Francesco Cocco (API Plastic Spa)
Andrea Albieri (API Plastic Spa)
Abstract
A.P.I. S.p.A è una realtà industriale nata nel 1956 in provincia di Vicenza che opera nel comparto “gomma & plastica”. API produce una vasta gamma di compound termoplastici elastomerici e bioplastiche destinati alla realizzazione di oggetti in plastica nei più disparati settori che spaziano dall’automotive, industria delle costruzioni, al settore calzaturiero, al packaging, al medicale, etc. L’azienda, nel corso degli anni, ha sempre cercato di mantenersi al passo con i tempi investendo continuamente nell’innovazione dei propri impianti produttivi e nella ricerca e sviluppo di nuovi compound. Ha conseguito le certificazioni ISO 9001, 14001 e 18001 per qualità, ambiente e sicurezza. Nel 2012, spinta dalla continua ricerca del miglioramento, l’azienda ha iniziato un percorso di implementazione di una tecnologia comportamentale – il processo di BBS – con l’obiettivo di ridurre ulteriormente la probabilità di accadimento di episodi infortunistici e di non-conformità sui prodotti commercializzati.
Michael McCarthy (Sustain Your Gains Consulting)
Abstract
When companies adopt Lean methods, they often conduct many “Rapid Improvement Events” also known as “Kaizen Events.” Although many of these activities are conducted, and many process improvements are discovered, only a small percentage survive as standard operating procedure for the company operations. This means the time spent on these process improvement activities are wasted because the new methods are not used. The improvement gains are not sustained. In the analytical ABC model of Applied Behavior Analysis, these activities are “Antecedents,” which last only a short time. In order to build these new methods into daily habits, Consequences are needed, specifically positive reinforcement. This presentation offers an ABA “preventive maintenance” model for sustaining gains called Process Behavior Maintenance (PBM).
Luca Ceolin (Luxottica Srl)
Maria Grazia Ben (Luxottica Srl)
Abstract
Il progetto “Vivere la Sicurezza da Protagonista” ha come centro la figura umana ed i suoi comportamenti; si compone di due fasi principali: la prima si concentra sui comportamenti che hanno delle implicazioni di sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro; mentre, la seconda fase vedrà l’applicazione delle tecniche di human performance a partire dalla modalità di erogazione e verifica della formazione in azienda. Il progetto è naturalmente supportato dalla lunga storia di welfare del gruppo Luxottica che fin dai suoi primi anni di vita (1961) ha considerato l’uomo come una risorsa da proteggere e valorizzare e non solamente un costo da sostenere, sviluppando attorno ad esso i valori aziendali di: “Passione”, “Imprenditorialità”, “Immaginazione” e “Semplicità & Velocità”.
Walter Cocco (Sarlux Srl)
Angela Lilliu (Sarlux Srl)
Abstract
L’intervento illustrerà il percorso intrapreso da Sarlux per avviare il processo di sicurezza basata sul comportamento e i risultati finora ottenuti. In particolare, si descriverà
1) Le azioni adottate per arrivare alla definizione e alla misurazione dei comportamenti sicuri;
2) L’integrazione della B-BS di tutte le attività previste dal SGI e per la promozione e per lo sviluppo dei comportamenti sicuri;
3) I risultati raggiunti a 5 mesi dall’avvio delle osservazioni.
Gaia Arrigotti (Vincitrice della Borsa di Studio “Ettore Caracciolo" 2014)
Sergio Moro (Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano)
Abstract
Le basi delle spinte innovative per la sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro, si costruiscono attingendo dai principi della mission aziendale, che per un IRCCS di Diritto Pubblico è principalmente il desiderio di conoscere e provare nuove tecnologie e nuovi sistemi per la prevenzione, con un approccio scientifico e di ricerca, facendo attenzione alla valutazione costante di efficienza ed efficacia degli strumenti, delle tecnologie e delle Leggi. Ecco da dove nasce il primo approccio al protocollo BBS nel IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO). L’organizzazione della sicurezza al CRO è vista come una mappatura dei processi e dei rischi in valore sistemico ed integrato. Ovvero si sono definiti metodi e procedure che dopo una prima ponderazione della sicurezza risultante ai fini organizzativi e tecnologici, andassero con l’analisi funzionale, a vagliare la persona nei suoi contesti lavorativi, verificando gli eventi indesiderati nel suo insieme (rischio Clinico e rischio Lavorativo),come sviluppo di un comportamento umano che reagisce a degli stimoli e alle conseguenze derivanti.
Ron Van Houten (Western Michigan University)
Two key goals in managing behavior are producing a change in behavior and maintaining behavior change. The science of behavior applies scientific principles to accomplish these goals. The key element in changing behavior is to collect reliable data on the target behavior. Once behavior is measured these data can be used to set goals, provide feedback, and establish reinforcing contingencies to maintain behavior. Organizational Behavior Management (OBM) can have a great impact on limiting costs and increasing the quality and availability of treatment by reducing medical errors, Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), and the development of low cost programs to increase healthy behaviors. Feedback and natural contingencies can easily be built into a tablet or smart phone application to sustain behavior change. The program needs to remain data based to ensure it is part of a continuous improvement process.
Symposium 2: Behavior Analysis in transportation – October 13, 2015
Ron Van Houten (Western Michigan University)
Because unsafe driver behaviors are a major cause of crashes, ensuring safe human driving behavior is an important goal for improving any transportation system. Behavior Analysis is a practical approach to changing driving behaviors. Two reasons why drivers do not engage in safe driving behavior are the immediate consequences that reinforce unsafe behaviors and the poor control the roadway environment has over appropriate driving behavior. Behavioral programs can be designed to increases safe driving behaviors and to reduce unsafe driving behaviors. Pedestrian safety is an important safety target in the United States and in Italy. One behavior that is related to pedestrian safety is yielding right-of-way to pedestrians in crosswalks. This paper will examine a number of variables related to driver and pedestrian behavior and illustrate how to use behavior analysis to increase yielding right-of-way on a citywide basis. Although this paper focuses specifically on yielding right-of-way to pedestrians, the same principles can be used to increase seatbelt use, reduce speeding, or to change any other aspect of the driving culture. A similar approach applies to aviation safety, rail safety or any other transportation problem.
Bruce Faulkner (3 Simple Rules)
Abstract
Typically lone workers get left out of health programs because they are hard to reach. In the SHIFT programme Dr. Olson and his team used mobile technology and game like competition to reach these lone worker. The approach developed by Dr. Olson and his team is tailored to the unique demands and barriers of the trucking industry. The study was conducted by Dr. Ryan Olson of the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and is presented with his permission. SHIFT = Safety & Health Involvement for Truckers. Details of the program can be found at https://www.ohsushift.com
Arianna Gatti (Vincitrice della Borsa di Studio “Ettore Caracciolo" 2014)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the effect of contingent feedbacks on the checklist completion, delivered through a new generation mobile app designed for the flight context, both on the individual and group performance of a sample of student pilots. Preliminary data show an increase in the level of accuracy of participants after the introduction of a mobile application for the checklist management that delivered contingent feedbacks on the performance of participants.
Nicola Zingirian (Università degli Studi di Padova)
Abstract
The paper discusses the state of the art the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in relation with transportation security and safety. In particular it shows how ICT, while it is very aggressive in the consumer approach to the business, is in early stage in professional applications, such as transportation security and safety. A technology assessment shows that ICT offers huge resource to build up high potential applications and finally it provides some high-level technical and business elements for the system designing in this application domain.