Fabio Tosolin – Presidente, AARBA
Abstract
La corretta adozione di comportamenti incentrati sull’igiene è la componente essenziale che può apportare un cambiamento all’attuale situazione di incertezza dovuta ai rischi di infezione da COVID-19. La Behavior-Based Safety (B-BS) risulta essere l’unico approccio metodologico su base empirica in grado di garantire alti livelli di produttività e al contempo una elevata frequenza del comportamento di prevenzione. Tuttavia, alcuni aspetti del classico processo di B-BS non sembrano adatti alle esigenze attuali: le presentazioni ai lavoratori, la costituzione di un gruppo direttivo, nonché la formazione degli osservatori e dei responsabili sono fasi che normalmente richiedono vari mesi. Queste tempistiche comporterebbero un incremento del rischio di diffusione dell’infezione. Per questa ragione è stato sviluppato un protocollo B-BS specifico per il COVID-19, al fine di: a) essere preparati ad intervenire da subito, b) consentire l’avvio del processo in soli 4 giorni, c) fornire un sistema di
misurazione accurato attraverso la raccolta di due osservazioni al giorno, d) ottenere un rapido incremento delle curve prestazionali entro 10 giorni dall’inizio del processo. Il protocollo non si concentra solo sull’adeguata implementazione dei requisiti sanitari richiesti per le aziende e gli ospedali, ma sottolinea anche l’importanza di quando tali comportamenti debbano effettivamente essere adottati al fine di garantire la sicurezza del personale. Inoltre, attraverso l’adozione di checklist ad-hoc e la supervisione giornaliera da parte di un analista comportamentale qualificato, è possibile conformarsi a tutti i principi scientifici richiesti per un processo di B-BS. Infine la comunità scientifica di riferimento si riunirà in una consensus conference con lo scopo di delineare delle linee guida funzionali allo sviluppo di un sistema di supervisione in tempo-reale sull’efficacia del trattamento, implementabile nelle pubbliche istituzioni.
Ciro Santoriello – Magistrato presso la Procura di Torino
Abstract
Alla luce della conoscenza empirica che emerge da decenni di ricerche in psicologia del comportamento applicata, i rappresentanti del mondo scientifico, durante il Congresso, hanno sottolineato l’importanza di costruire un sistema di monitoraggio adeguato e di adottare un protocollo di provata efficacia, un protocollo di B-BS (Behavior-Based Safety), allo scopo di contenere la diffusione del Covid-19 negli ambienti di lavoro. La B-BS è un metodo che consente di monitorare e condizionare i comportamenti dei dipendenti prevalentemente tramite l’utilizzo di rinforzi positivi e feedback correttivi. L’utilizzo della punizione, in giurisprudenza definita propriamente “sanzione” è ovviamente contemplato, ma è da inserirsi all’interno di un sistema gestionale di spettro più ampio, un sistema che consenta la cooperazione attiva dei dipendenti e incoraggi l’adozione di comportamenti corretti. È importante che i recenti decreti ministeriali vengano opportunamente integrati alle normative vigenti. Di particolare rilievo in questo contesto è il D.lgs. 81/2008, che propone un articolato sistema sanzionatorio nel caso in cui un’azienda sia ritenuta responsabile di non aver opportunamente vigilato sulle condizioni di sicurezza adottate dai propri dipendenti. Il dottor Ciro Santoriello, nel suo intervento, ha sottolineato l’importanza di un sistema sanzionatorio opportuno, e ne ha descritto la corretta funzione applicativa. In caso di comportamento doloso, la punizione ha in realtà un doppio ruolo preventivo: da un lato disincentiva la reiterazione del reato ad opera del reo, dall’altro rappresenta un monito alla popolazione generale. Il magistrato ha sottolineato però anche le limitazioni del sistema sanzionatorio: infatti, nel caso in cui non vi sia un’adeguata consapevolezza circa i rischi derivanti dal comportamento espletato, o qualora non sia presente la volontà di agire in contrasto con il sistema legislativo vigente, è necessario adottare altri sistemi maggiormente efficaci. Inoltre, il magistrato ha fatto riferimento al D.lgs 231/2019, testo in cui viene sottolineata l’importanza per l’ente di dotarsi di un modello organizzativo che impedisca l’adozione di comportamenti disfunzionali, non valoriali e illegali. Nel caso del Covid-19, l’azione sanzionatoria risulta poco efficace, in quanto agisce ormai troppo tardi, a contagio avvenuto; al tempo stesso, l’impellenza e la gravità dei rischi impongono alle aziende di adottare rapidamente un sistema di monitoraggio dei comportamenti a rischio, in quanto agire sul fronte di un ipotetico riassetto del proprio sistema gestionale richiederebbe dei tempi eccessivamente lunghi. In conclusione, il dottor Ciro Santoriello ha elogiato il protocollo comportamentale di B-BS, in quanto in grado di integrare la legislazione corrente con considerazioni d’ordine empirico e pragmatico, ottenendo degli ottimi risultati misurabili.
Terry McSween – Executive Consultant of Dekra
Abstract
The empirical basis for behavior-based safety (BBS) continues to mature and provide guidance to both practitioners and companies. This presentation will share the results of a recent study conducted by Cambridge University using data provided from Dekra clients. The study involves 88 international clients who provided over 1.3 million observational data, including monthly incident and culture survey data. The data replicates the power of BBS to reduce injuries widely reported by earlier studies. It also shows a significant improvement in safety culture as measured by a standardized survey, a strong enough result that Cambridge University researchers reported it as the most effective culture change process that they had ever seen. The analysis provides guidelines for recommending the most effective elements of BBS, including findings that challenge many of our traditional assumptions about BBS initiatives. For example, the study strongly suggests that having a limited number of “dedicated observers” is more effective than processes that encourage all employees to participate. The data also suggests that being observed once a month is more effective than more frequent observations. Further, the data shows how having observers familiar with tasks is more effective than having observers “with a fresh pair of eyes.” This session will present several other findings along with a summary of implications for BBS today and in the future.
Leasha Barry – Professoressa e Direttrice del Programma ABA presso l’Università della West Florida
Dayna Beddick – Associate Director presso l’Università della West Florida
Abstract
For centuries
people have refused scientific discoveries through skepticism or disbelief, despite implications for a better life. Often, resistance to a new finding is understood as challenging established social norms, contradicting ideals with contemporary dogma, or failing to communicate findings in a palatable manner. However, behavior analysis provides identification of specific mechanisms responsible, which create these circumstances of disbelief. New information is difficult to accept when it is unobservable (i.e., delayed, socially removed, or uncertain consequences) or when it challenges what is directly observable. Without learning history or contact with potential consequences, we see time and again the disbelief of science. This circumstance of disbelief in the face of tremendous deleterious consequences is uniquely exemplified by human resistance to safety behaviors required to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Social reinforcement, specifically prosocial behaviors, are suggested to
mitigate the influence of identified barriers to adopting scientific recommendations and for reinforcing behaviors to avoid this invisible threatening consequence.
Robert K. Ross – Senopr Vice Precident presso Behavioral Education Assessment and Consulting Inc.
Abstract
Beacon ABA Services provides services to 600-800 children with an ASD diagnosis each year. Some of these individuals may demonstrate significant levels of challenging behavior, while others may not. Some individuals make rapid educational progress, while others present learning challenges beyond the scope of the skill set of some entry level behavior analysts. Beacon has created a system to help identify persons who present with higher levels of learning and behavior challenges. This system called Clinical Review team, provides both higher level clinical support to these challenging cases, while simultaneously serving a staff training and development function. This process and system will be described.
Anna Budzińska – Direttore Clinico dell’IWRD Center in Danzica
Abstract
Studies have shown that children receiving Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention had better scores on standardized tests of IQ, language and adaptive functioning compared to children receiving other interventions (Smith, Groen, & Wynn, 2000; Cohen, Amerine-Dickens, & Smith, 2006; Eikeseth, Smith, Jahr, & Eldevik, 2002, 2007; Howard, Sparkman, Cohen, Green, & Stanislaw, 2005; Remington et al., 2007; Grindle et al, 2012). Research conducted by Lovaas (1987) has shown that children receiving EIBI successfully passed typical classes in public schools and maintained their gains several years after the treatment ended. Although previous studies have shown favorable results with early intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism, it remains important to replicate these findings. During our lecture we will present the outcomes achieved after 14- months by 2,5 to 6-year-olds with autism who participated in intensive behavioral treatment based on the PCDI treatment model. We will show test scores (PEP-R and Vineland-II) from the intake and after 14-months of the therapy. We will present the use of applied behavior analysis techniques such as activity schedules, scripts and script-fading procedure, discrete trial training, incidental teaching, and videomodeling in everyday therapy.
Iwona Ruta Sominka – Vice Direttore Clinico dell’IWRD Center in Danzica
Abstract
There is a huge need for an accountability system in any service delivery model based on the concepts of OBM. The Institute for Child Development (IWRD) is the first and the only institution in Poland, which is the member of Alliance for Scientific Autism Intervention (ASAI). All members of ASAI continue to implement the model developed initially by McClannahan and Krantz (1993). This presentation describes the Institute for Child Development (IWRD) model of training and supervision in educational institutions in Poland designed to achieve positive outcomes for children and teenagers with autism. The essential features of this model include: using teaching techniques, based on the principles of behavior analysis with effectiveness demonstrated by scientific research; data collection to monitor child progress; incorporating individualized motivational systems; collaborating with parents regarding educational programs; annual evaluation for all therapists; and systematic supervisions by specialists from IWRD. Currently, seven special kindergartens and schools in Poland are recommended for certification by IWRD. This presentation will include video showing the children functioning before and after the introduction of effective learning techniques. We will show also the data and graphs of children progress. We will discuss the evaluation process with summary data for all recommended centers.
Simposio 1: Creare nuove abitudini comportamentali – Online Edition, 24 giugno 2020
Christoph Bördlein – Professor at the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt
Abstract
The current pandemic requires behavior change from all of us. Hygiene behaviors are essential in preventing infections or lowering the risk that others are infected by us. Behaviors include washing or sanitizing hands and not touching your face. Behavior analysis has proven effective in changing worker’s behavior in the field of occupational safety (Behavior-Based Safety, BBS). BBS builds on the principles of behavior and utilizes common intervention strategies of applied behavior analysis (e.g. defining and measuring behaviors, feedback, goal setting and positive reinforcement). These strategies are also effective in the field of hygiene behaviors. Christoph Bördlein talks about his efforts to improve hygiene behaviors with behavior analysis. Among others, he describes his research in improving hand hygiene in a University cafeteria and current projects to train people not to touch their faces. Hygiene behaviors in clinical settings (a dental surgery and with rescue assistants) are also presented. The differential applicability of different strategies to organizational settings are discussed.
Michael McCarthy – Sustain Leangains
Abstract
During Pandemics, people need to acquire Health & Safety habits quickly. Slow response to pandemics can cost lives. Habits typically take time to establish. One study in The European Journal of Social Psychology revealed: The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; Too long + too much variation. Applied Behavior Analysis and Lean Manufacturing concepts offer complimentary methods to accelerate the acquisition of Health & Safety habits (also known as “automaticity”). A habit is behaviordone automatically, without thinking about it. When safety habits, such as frequent hand washing, become as much of a habit as wearing clothing, then our world will be much healthier and safer. This presentation will outline how to perform three compatible ABA/Lean methods to build safe habits rapidly:
1. Antecedents / Point of use placement of materials and reminders for the behaviors.
2. BBS observations / Gemba walks to see the Health & Safety behaviors.
3. Positive reinforcement / 5th S Sustain the Health & Safety behaviors.
Simposio 2: L’esperienza delle aziende che hanno applicato strategie comportamentali per contenere il contagio – Online Edition, 26 giugno 2020
Andrea Baj Rossi – EHS specialist, Parker Hannifin Manufacturing in Veniano (CO)
Abstract
L’emergenza sanitaria che ha colpito il mondo intero nel corso del 2020 ha portato l’intera popolazione a far fronte ad una serie di regole e comportamenti per gestire e limitare il diffondersi della pandemia. Tutto ciò ha influenzato ed influenzerà anche il comparto industriale che ha dovuto affrontare un cambiamento epocale nella gestione delle persone e degli spazi a disposizione per lo svolgimento dell’attività quotidiana. Per poter garantire la sicurezza del personale presente in azienda e affinché potessero essere garantite tutte le misure di prevenzione e protezione previste dal protocollo anti-covid definite dal comitato di sicurezza di stabilimento, la Parker Hannifin Manufacturing, nel suo unico stabilimento italiano dove viene già applicato il protocollo BBS, ha deciso di adottare uno specifico protocollo anti-covid. Nell’intervento si forniranno ai partecipanti tutte le informazioni necessarie per la progettazione ed applicazione del protocollo anti-covid, partendo dalle attività propedeutiche quali la definizione del gruppo di progetto e la reperibilità di fonti bibliografiche sicure, passando per la definizione degli apprestamenti di sicurezza (distanziamenti sociali, materiale informativo, …) e la redazione della checklist, fino all’implementazione sul campo con la formazione degli osservatori e la partenza delle osservazioni. Non ultimo si cercherà di fornire ai partecipanti una prima valutazione dei risultati ottenuti cercando di esaminare i vantaggi e le criticità aperte.
Francesco Costa – Responsabile analisi HSE, Sarlux in Sarroch (CA)
Abstract
La gestione della pandemia e dei rischi correlati al COVID19, nuovo coronavirus sconosciuto a tutti, è stata affrontata principalmente attraverso l’applicazione di determinati comportamenti. L’intervento vuole illustrare come la Sarlux ha gestito l’aspetto comportamentale in ambito Covid19 in un contesto dove il Protocollo B-BS risultava già consolidato.
Terry McSween – Executive Consultant, DEKRA
Abstract
Companies vary widely in how quickly and effectively they are responding to the coronavirus pandemic. DEKRA’s four pillars of safety provide a great framework for analyzing the efforts of any world class organization to internally manage exposure to COVID-19. In most cases, these organizations already have a strong safety culture that supported a quick and effective response. So how are these cultures created and sustained? First it takes a passion for people, the initial pillar of safety. Well in advance of the recent pandemic, leadership at these organizations have created a shared vision of the organization’s concern for the safety and wellbeing of their associates, their families, and their community. The second pillar is a focus on controlling exposure, which occurs when behavior intersects with a hazard. The nature of exposure encourages a dual focus on both the controlling behavior and the hazards present in the environment. Throughout the organization, everyone understands that safety is defined as controlling exposure, not preventing accidents. The third pillar of safety excellence is the alignment of resources and systems. Addressing covid exposure requires resources and systems that promote safe practices and changing the workplace to reduce exposure. The fourth pillar is embracing change. Leadership in world class organizations responded quickly to implement rapid change to safety systems and work practices across their organizations. This presentation will review world class efforts within the framework of all four pillars.
Joe Melton – Senior Safety Consultant, DEKRA
Devin Shivers – HSE Director Garden and Pet Company
Abstract
This session will display the importance of a robust but flexible BBS program by highlighting the CORE program (Conversation Based Safety) within Central Garden & Pet. Joe Melton lead consultant on assisting the BBS implementation and Devin Shivers HSE Director will show the 2 year journey leading up the Covid-19 crisis. This journey will display the importance of flexibility with a highly complex fast moving organization. This journey will show the BBS foundation built on Integrity, Communication and Caring for each other fostered the success during the Covid-19 Crisis. Real in time data, ready to use systems and leadership allowed the most exposed Business units within the organization to be productively safe during the Covid-19 Crisis. Devin and Joe will close the session with examples and images
used to assist the BBS process through the implementation of a Covid safety checklist on March 18th, 2020. This will not be a session preaching perfect, it will be a story highlighting high character values coming to the surface when faced with unknown challenges.
Simposio 3: Caduta dall’alto: un dramma quotidiano – Online Edition, 26 giugno, 2020
Giancarlo Vitali – coordinatore nazionale di LINEA VITA INFORMA
Abstract
Il dramma delle cadute dall’alto.
Maria Gatti – Segretario Generale e Responsabile Scientifico, A.A.R.B.A
Abstract
Behavior Based Safety: lo strumento di prevenzione degli infortuni sul lavoro
Giancarlo Vitali – coordinatore nazionale di LINEA VITA INFORMA
Abstract
Le competenze professionali non riconosciute
Stefano Sesini – Linea Vita Informa (coordinatore gruppo tecnico)
Abstract
Il fascicolo dell’operaL’elaborato tecnico della copertura
Giancarlo Vitali – coordinatore nazionale di LINEA VITA INFORMA
Abstract